Paint compound and process of making the same.



' zo'oil-vehicle; and, u

, 45 fer to emplo UNITED/STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAMNrBLAKEMAN, m, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

rm comm AND mocnss or name in sum.

ventionis fully set forth in the following specification.

The objectof this invention is to render available for use, as a basis for paint, those pigments which carry no water in combine:

. tion and were formerly known as anhydrous, but which may be more accurately designated as pigments containing no hydroxyl. Pigments which contain no hydroxyl do" .not form satisfactory; saponaceous compounds, haveve limited spreading power, andare slow in rying when ground in an to the present time,

Dutch process white lead, in consequence of its quick formation of a saponaceous compound-due to the hydrated oxid of lead which it carries infcombination-.has been 4 regarded as the only white pigment available for use as a sole basis for paint.

have discovered that by incorporating a rancidified fatty agent with commercial hnseed oil, or other fatty oil, a vehicle will be formed for all the'neutralprimary igmfents or pigments which contain no ydroxyi and are deficient in spreadin power,

so that when such pigments, if not s1ngly yet.

combination, are ground therein, a satisfactory compound willbe formed between the pigment and the oil, the paint will spread in a smooth, uniform and elastic film and willdryrapidly-in all hlys'ical respects eihual to the mixture ,of Dutch sad in linseed o' 40 The rancidified fatty agent may be formed from an oil or fat, such as linseed, tung or 'castor oil; a fatty derivative of an oil or fat, ,-such as oleic acid, olein, stearic ac 1d,-stearine;

or any other'equivalent substance. I prelinseed oil. 7 Selecting eed oil, to illu'stratemy invention I first rancidify it, and this may be accomp bed by suitable method. Theg V "zinc 'sulfid, barium sulfate, barium carbonoil may be exposed in shallow vessels, with to broad surfaces to the action of air'and light until it has been sufficiently rapcidified and indicates b test the presence of five or six per cent. o h drated fatty acids'not found in commercial oil. rancidispecification of Letter-meme. Patented m 31, mos. Application fled lebruuy 17, 1908. Berle! No. 801,569. v

fyiniis a slow one and I have found that a muc quickerand more satisfactory result will be obtained if the oil be hydrated before being rancidified. The hydration of the oil I may beefiected by placing the oil in a vessel having about one or two per cent. of water 60 distributed on the bottom and expos' this vessel to light and air until the wate has been absorbed and combined with the oil; or

by suspending the oil in a suitable vessel, over a body of water, with'a covering ar- 66 ranged to retain a vaporous atmos here in contact with the oil; or by placing t 0 oil in "a vessel having about one or two per cent. of water distributed on the bottom and then subjecting it to a heat of about 150 Fahn, 70 until all the water has been absorbed and combined a with the 'oil, which will take from 8 to 10 hours, the time depending upon keeping the water in minute contact with the oil by agitation. In practice, I prefer to it-is misci 1e, suc as boiled linseed oil, man'- no hydroxy and "are ganese resinate, elaidinized oil, and thelike. Having formed the rancidified fatty agent,

I take about five per cent. thereof, and incorporate it with commercial linseed oil, or 00 other fatty oil, with which it is miscible.

The fluidity of such commeroi 1 oil will not be appreciably affected by this incorpora tion, and it will show the presence of from, 25/100 to 35/100 of one per cent. of h drated fattyacidsfor the entire bulk of 0 The vehicle so formed-will be found to render available for use, if not singly yet incombination, all rirnary pi ents which contain ficientin spreading ower such as lead carbonate, lea sulfate, ead sulfite, zinco-sulfate of lead, zincoxid,

ate, calcium carbonate, strontium sulfate, strontium carbonate, and the various com- 108 binations of zinc and lead resulting from furnace sublimation and known commercially assublimed lead, oxysulfate of lead, zinclead and .other trade desi nations; and a paint-compound produced y grindin one or more of these pigments in the vehic e de- 3 spects.

film, in all physical respects equal to white lead in linseed oil, and will dry 1n from 3 to 5 hours according to climatic conditions. The

pigmentsmay be used either singly or in combination as my invention gives spread ing power to all of them; but as some of these pigments (the earthy sulfates and carbonates for example) are deficient in opacit it will be found advantageous to com ine therewith a proportion of zinc oxid. For colored paints, the addition of the colored pigment or pigments, will supply the necessary opacity.

An other oil or fat (animal or vegetable) or a atty derivative of an oil or fat may be used instead of linseed oil to form the rancidified agent and be rancidified, either with or without-hydration or oxidation, by any of the methods above described.

The rancidity of the fatty agent and the proportion of this agent to beincorporated m commercial oil may be varied in practice and will depend largely u on the character of the pigmentzwith whici it is to be used. The agent should not be too highly rancidified as then it will be no longer soluble in, or miscible with, commercial oil. The maximum quantity of hydrated fatty acids for the rancidified agent would seem to be according to my experiments, from'8 to 10 er cent., and five .per cent. of this rancidi ed a ent when introduced into commercial oil Wlll indicate from 40/100 to 50/100 of one per bent. of hydrated fatty acids for the entire bulk of oil, which will be found sufficient for nearly all the pigments named. The presence of as little as 1 10 ofone per cent. of such acids in commercial oil will be found to exert a decided influence, but as much as one per cent. may be found necessary in practiceito obtain the best results with some combinations of pigmentsa matter which can-be easily regulated in practice. For use withzinc pivments the fatty agent should be more highly rancidified than is necessary for lead pigments, or else a lar er ercentage of the rancidified agentshodld e used in the oil-vehicle. The rancidity can be regulated by re ulatin the time of exposure to air and lig t; an if desired, a uniform standard of rancidity may be adopted for the agent, and

a large or small percentage of this a ent be used according tothe character of t e pigment.

In order to ascertain the rancidity necessary for a particular pigment, the film test may be employed: When about five per cent. of the fatty agent undergoing rancidification is incorporated with 100 parts of commercial linseed oil, and this vehicle is ground with 240 partsof either lead carbonate, lead sulfate, or sublimed lead, with the usual quantity of liquid drier, and being "spread as a.

paint, it follows the brush in a smooth, homogeneous and uniform film, does not run, crack, or craze, and dries in from 3 to 5 hours, the fatty agent may be deemed in a satisfactory state for use as a rancidified agent for the vehicle and pigment used, and the rancidifying process may be arrested.

In order to produce a more energetic action and increase the spreading power of the compound, the pigment may be treated by com ining therewith a hydrated metallic or earthy oxid, such as 'hydroxid of zinc or other hydroxid. From 1 to 5 per cent. of hydroxid may be used, depending upon the character of the pi ment, a light or bulky' pigment requiring a arger percentage than a ense or heavy one. I prefer to use the hydroxid in theform of s'hp or. pulp, attenuating it in water, incorporating it with the igment, and then evaporating the'water,

but the hydroxid may be precipitated upon the pigment at its first formation.

It is to be understood that a pigment, or combination of pigments, may be ground to a paste form with from 5 to 7 per cent., or more if necessary, of an oil-vehicle containing a rancidified fatty agent and this vehicle afterwards attenuated or extended with com- 'mercial oil exactly as white lead ground in oil is now known to the trade. Such a paste I do not however herein specifically claim; the same being claimed 1n my application No. 302,986, filed February 26, 1906.

Two or more rancidified agents may be used if desired, and two-or more oils, drying or'non-drying, may be combined to form the paint-vehicle.

, Any suitable drier, such as linseed, tung or other drying oil, or a commercial liquid drier, may be added to the aint.

Heat, ressure ant agitation may be employed whenever deemed advisable.

'I do not herein claim, by itself, the oil-vehicle herein described, the same bein claimed in my application No. 216,568, file July 14, 1904. v I

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim.

1. A compoundor mixture of a fatty dil; a rancidified agent; and a pigment which contains no hydroxyl and is deficient in spreading power.

2. A compound or mixture of linseed oil; a

wins no' hydroxyl and is deficient in spreadranoidified agent; and a; pigment which con an agent, hydrated and rancidified; and a.

tains no hydroxyl and is deficient in 'spreadpigment which contains no hydroxyl and is ing power. p deficient in spreading power.

3. A compound or mixture of a fatty oil; a

6. The process herein described, which ruiicidiiied oil; and a pigment which conconsists in incorporating a rancidified fatty agent with a fatty oil and then grinding therein a pigment which contains no hydroxyl and is deficient in spreading ower.

' WM. N. BLAKEMAi ing power. 4

{11 A compound or mixture of linseed oil; a rancidified oil; and a pigment which contains no hydroxyl and is deficient in spreadmg power.

5. A compound or mixture of a fatty oil;

Witnesses: c

FRANCIS P. REILLY, MABEL O. FAHNESTOCK. 

